Еврейская генетикоисториософия Опции

[simulacrum]

Возможно ли подобраться к еврейской истории генетическими методами? Другими словами - еврейская история суть история иудаизма (как тут уже несколько раз намекалось) или история евреев? Этот отрывок взят мною из обзорной статьи в британском журнале Nature. Смотрите русский перевод ниже.

Historical, linguistic, and genetic controversies surround the question of the origin of the Ashkenazi Jews (13). For hundreds of years, theories of Ashkenazi roots have been drawn from analysis of language, history, and literature. Genetic evidence contributes as well, including genomic characterization of ancestral lineages of specific Ashkenazi alleles. For example, genetic analysis of a founder allele for idiopathic torsion dystonia, an autosomal dominant and incompletely penetrant disease, indicated that the mutation occurred approximately 300 to 500 years ago in what was then the northern part of the Jewish Pale of settlement (14). The recent origin and current high frequency of this deleterious allele permitted historical demographic analysis of the Ashkenazi population. The data suggest that present-day Ashkenazim descend from a relatively small number of ancestors, perhaps 10,000 to 20,000 in Poland and neighboring states at the beginning of the 16th century and even fewer 1000 years ago. The data are consistent with historical investigations that suggest that the wealthier classes of this population expanded rapidly despite many losses in subsequent pogroms. The combination of a small founding population and rapid expansion over 1000 years are sufficient to e***ain the presence, purely by chance, of multiple alleles unique to this population: Any allele from a small founding population that survives to the present will be, by necessity, at reasonably high frequency. In Finland as well, rapid expansion of a small founder population in less than 500 years, has led to persistence of at least 30 alleles that are quite common among Finns and unique to the Finnish population. Genetic drift, rather than selective advantage to carriers, is the most plausible e***anation for existence of unique alleles in both populations (15).

Genetic data also demonstrate the Middle Eastern origin of the Ashkenazim, who share specific alleles with other Middle Eastern Jewish and non-Jewish groups. Southern and Central European populations subsequently contributed other alleles to the Ashkenazim. For example, disequilibrium analysis of human leukocyte antigens DR and DQ indicates that Ashkenazi Jews are most closely related to other Jews, next most closely to other Mediterranean populations, and less closely to Central Europeans, though carrying some Central European alleles (16). Genetic evidence also supports the oral tradition that the Lemba, who are now Bantu-speaking people of southern Africa, derive from Jews who migrated from the Middle East to Yemen 2700 years ago and from Yemen to southern Africa 2400 to 2000 years ago. More than 50% of Lemba Y **omosomes carry haplotypes that are common among Jewish populations but absent in their African neighbors (17). Genetic analysis has also confirmed the distinctiveness of the Cohanim, or traditional Jewish priesthood. Y **omosome haplotypes differ between Cohanim, whether Ashkenazi or Sephardic, and other Jewish men. Indeed, most Cohen males carry a unique Y haplotype (18).

Для желающих подробнее ознакомиться с аналогичными исследованиями в откровенно научно-популярной форме:
http://www.khazaria.com/genetics/abstracts.html



[ Это Сообщение было отредактировано: simulacrum в 2001-10-03 07:00 ]

[ Это Сообщение было отредактировано: Simulacrum в 2001-10-04 21:40 ]